pathogens and transmission routes

Pathogen: The pathogen of rabies is the rabies virus, which is a neurotropic virus that is mainly present in the saliva of infected animals.

Transmission: Rabies is mainly transmitted by biting or scratching humans by sick animals (such as dogs, cats, etc.). The virus enters the body through a wound, multiplies and spreads in the nervous system, and eventually causes disease. In addition, in rare cases, the virus can also be transmitted through saliva direct contact with human mucous membranes or skin wounds.

Symptoms and course of disease

Incubation period: The incubation period of rabies varies in length, most people get sick within three months, but some people can have an incubation period of more than ten years. During the incubation period, patients usually have no clinical symptoms.

Prodromal stage: Patients may have symptoms such as low fever, headache, nausea, insomnia, and become sensitive to stimuli such as sound, light, and wind.

Excitement phase: With the development of the disease, patients enter the excitement phase, manifested as high excitement, panic, fear of water, fear of wind and other symptoms. At this time, although the patient is extremely thirsty, he is unable to drink due to throat muscle spasms, which is one of the symptoms unique to rabies.

Paralytic stage: Finally, the patient enters the paralytic stage, the muscles of the whole body gradually become paralyzed, and eventually die due to respiratory and circulatory failure.

Hazard and prevention
Harm: Rabies is a very high mortality of infectious diseases, once onset, the case fatality rate is almost 100%. Therefore, the prevention of rabies is very important.

Preventive measures: The main measures to prevent rabies include:

1.Avoid bites or scratches from sick animals.

2.Once bitten or scratched, you should immediately wash the wound alternately with soapy water and running water for at least 15 minutes, and go to the hospital as soon as possible for rabies vaccination.

3.For people who have frequent contact with animals (such as veterinarians, animal keepers, etc.), pre-exposure rabies vaccination is recommended.

Other notes
Rabies Vaccine is an effective means to prevent rabies, but it is still necessary to pay attention to maintaining good living habits and eating habits after vaccination, avoid overwork and strenuous exercise.

Rabies is not only a threat to humans, but also has a serious impact on animal health. Therefore, strengthening the prevention and control of animal rabies is one of the important measures to prevent human rabies.

Rabies is history

Ancient cognition
In ancient times, people have realized that certain animal bites can cause a terrible condition in humans that we now call rabies. However, at that time, nothing was known about the cause and transmission mechanism of rabies, and only primitive methods were used to try to cure or prevent it, such as the use of herbs, spells, or quarantining patients.
Modern breakthrough
The 19th century was a time of great breakthroughs in rabies research. French microbiologist and chemist Louis Pasteur and his team made outstanding contributions in this field. By studying the rabies virus, Pasteur found that passing the virus through the body of animals such as rabbits could reduce its virulence, so as to prepare a weakened rabies vaccine. This discovery opens new avenues for the prevention and treatment of rabies.
In 1885, Pasteur used his rabies vaccine for the first time to successfully treat a little boy who was bitten by a rabies dog, which shocked the world and marked the formal entry of rabies vaccines into the clinical application stage.


Why does rabies kill you directly

1. Virus characteristics

Rapid replication and damage: The rabies virus replicates very fast in the human central nervous system, causing irreversible damage to the nervous system. Once this damage has developed, it is often difficult to recover.

The blood-brain barrier is difficult to cross: The blood-brain barrier is an important barrier that protects the brain from pathogens and harmful substances. Once the rabies virus has invaded the central nervous system, it is difficult to clear it with conventional treatment because drugs cannot cross the blood-brain barrier.

2. Lack of effective treatment

No specific drugs: There is currently no effective treatment for rabies. Once the virus invades the nervous system and causes symptoms, drugs are often unable to effectively inhibit the replication and spread of the virus.

Treatment timing: The key to rabies treatment is prevention, that is, stopping the spread of the virus before it enters the nervous system through vaccination and other means. Once the virus invades the nervous system and causes symptoms, treatment is extremely difficult and has limited effectiveness.
Third, the disease progresses rapidly

3.Incubation period and onset period: Rabies has a certain incubation period, usually 1-3 months, but once onset, the disease progresses rapidly. Patients will develop hydrophobia, pharyngeal muscle spasm, mental abnormalities and other symptoms for a short period of time, and then the condition deteriorates, leading to respiratory or circulatory failure and death.

High fatality rate: Due to the above reasons, the fatality rate of rabies once it develops is close to 100%. Therefore, the prevention of rabies is very important.

4.The importance of preventive measures

Vaccination: Timely vaccination against rabies is an effective means to prevent rabies. After being bitten or scratched by an animal, you should immediately clean the wound and go to the hospital for vaccination.

Avoid contact with the source of infection: Try to avoid contact with animals that may carry the rabies virus, such as feral cats, wild dogs, etc. At the same time, domestic pets should also be regularly vaccinated to reduce the risk of infection.

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